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1: THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF VOLUNTARY MUSCLE IN MUSCLE DISEASE: A COMPARISON OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY WITH OTHER DISEASES TOGETHER WITH A STUDY OF EFFECTS OF GLYCINE AND CREATINE THERAPY John G. Reinhold, George R. Kingsley J Clin Invest. 1938 Jul; 17(4): 377–383. doi: 10.1172/JCI100963 PMCID: PMC434792 2: Association of change in muscle mass assessed by D3‐creatine dilution with changes in grip strength and walking speed Kate A. Duchowny, Katherine E. Peters, Steven R. Cummings, Eric S. Orwoll, Andrew R. Hoffman, Kristine E. Ensrud, Jane A. Cauley, William J. Evans, Peggy M. Cawthon, for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Research Group J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2020 Feb; 11(1): 55–61. Published online 2019 Oct 17. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12494 PMCID: PMC7015254 3: The impact of a repeated bout of eccentric exercise on muscular strength, muscle soreness and creatine kinase. L L Smith, M G Fulmer, D Holbert, M R McCammon, J A Houmard, D D Frazer, E Nsien, R G Israel Br J Sports Med. 1994 Dec; 28(4): 267–271. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.28.4.267 PMCID: PMC1332088 4: Effectiveness of Creatine Supplementation on Aging Muscle and Bone: Focus on Falls Prevention and Inflammation Darren G. Candow, Scott C. Forbes, Philip D. Chilibeck, Stephen M. Cornish, Jose Antonio, Richard B. Kreider J Clin Med. 2019 Apr; 8(4): 488. Published online 2019 Apr 11. doi: 10.3390/jcm8040488 PMCID: PMC6518405 5: Creatine-Kinase- and Exercise-Related Muscle Damage Implications for Muscle Performance and Recovery Marianne F. Baird, Scott M. Graham, Julien S. Baker, Gordon F. Bickerstaff J Nutr Metab. 2012; 2012: 960363. Published online 2012 Jan 11. doi: 10.1155/2012/960363 PMCID: PMC3263635 6: Serum enzyme studies in muscle disease: Part III Serum creatine kinase activity in relatives of patients with the Duchenne type of muscular dystrophy J. M. S. Pearce, R. J. T. Pennington, John N. Walton J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1964 Jun; 27(3): 181–185. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.27.3.181 PMCID: PMC495722 7: Serum enzyme studies in muscle disease: Part II Serum creatine kinase activity in muscular dystrophy and in other myopathic and neuropathic disorders John M. S. Pearce, R. J. Pennington, John N. Walton J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1964 Apr; 27(2): 96–99. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.27.2.96 PMCID: PMC495703 8: Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Muscle Strength and Optimal Individual Post-Activation Potentiation Time of the Upper Body in Canoeists Chia-Chi Wang, Shu-Cheng Lin, Shu-Ching Hsu, Ming-Ta Yang, Kuei-Hui Chan Nutrients. 2017 Nov; 9(11): 1169. Published online 2017 Oct 27. doi: 10.3390/nu9111169 PMCID: PMC5707641 9: Effects of 28 days of beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate supplementation on muscle carnosine, body composition and exercise performance in recreationally active females Julie Y Kresta, Jonathan Oliver, Andrew Jagim, Richard Kreider, Jim Fluckey, Steven Reichman, Susanne Talcott J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012; 9(Suppl 1): P17. Published online 2012 Nov 19. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-9-S1-P17 PMCID: PMC3500735 10: The Effects of Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation and Cardiomyopathy Syndrome on Creatine Kinase and Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Muhammad Naveed Yousaf, Mark D. Powell ScientificWorldJournal. 2012; 2012: 741302. Published online 2012 May 22. doi: 10.1100/2012/741302 PMCID: PMC3366221 11: Creatine supplementation decreases plasma lipid peroxidation markers and enhances anaerobic performance in rats Rafael Deminice, Alceu Afonso Jordao Redox Rep. 2016; 21(1): 31–36. Published online 2016 Feb 15. doi: 10.1179/1351000215Y.0000000020 PMCID: PMC6837342 12: The effects of Creatine Long-Term Supplementation on Muscle Morphology and Swimming Performance in Rats Ahmet Yildiz, Ercan Ozdemir, Sefa Gulturk, Sena Erdal J Sports Sci Med. 2009 Dec; 8(4): 516–522. Published online 2009 Dec 1. PMCID: PMC3761556 13: Effects of 28 days of beta-alanine and creatine supplementation on muscle carnosine, body composition and exercise performance in recreationally active females Julie Y Kresta, Jonathan M Oliver, Andrew R Jagim, James Fluckey, Steven Riechman, Katherine Kelly, Cynthia Meininger, Susanne U Mertens-Talcott, Christopher Rasmussen, Richard B Kreider J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2014; 11: 55. Published online 2014 Nov 30. doi: 10.1186/s12970-014-0055-6 PMCID: PMC4263036 14: PSIII-35 Dietary glycine+serine and threonine effects on performance, creatine muscle content and meat lipid oxidation of broiler chickens from 21 to 42 days of age. I Ospina-Rojas, A Murakami, P Pozza, P Aguihe, M Sakamoto J Anim Sci. 2018 Dec; 96(Suppl 3): 313. Published online 2018 Dec 7. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky404.689 PMCID: PMC6286086 15: The effects of creatine ethyl ester supplementation combined with heavy resistance training on body composition, muscle performance, and serum and muscle creatine levels Mike Spillane, Ryan Schoch, Matt Cooke, Travis Harvey, Mike Greenwood, Richard Kreider, Darryn S Willoughby J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2009; 6: 6. Published online 2009 Feb 19. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-6-6 PMCID: PMC2649889 16: Effects of 4-Week Creatine Supplementation Combined with Complex Training on Muscle Damage and Sport Performance Chia-Chi Wang, Chu-Chun Fang, Ying-Hsian Lee, Ming-Ta Yang, Kuei-Hui Chan Nutrients. 2018 Nov; 10(11): 1640. Published online 2018 Nov 2. doi: 10.3390/nu10111640 PMCID: PMC6265971 17: Serum skeletal troponin I in inflammatory muscle disease: relation to creatine kinase, CKMB and cardiac troponin I P KIELY, F BRUCKNER, J NISBET, A DAGHIR Ann Rheum Dis. 2000 Sep; 59(9): 750–751. doi: 10.1136/ard.59.9.750 PMCID: PMC1753274 18: Effect of creatine supplementation during resistance training on lean tissue mass and muscular strength in older adults: a meta-analysis Philip D Chilibeck, Mojtaba Kaviani, Darren G Candow, Gordon A Zello Open Access J Sports Med. 2017; 8: 213–226. Published online 2017 Nov 2. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S123529 PMCID: PMC5679696 19: Effects of Different Resistance Exercise Protocols on Nitric Oxide, Lipid Peroxidation and Creatine Kinase Activity in Sedentary Males Nevin Atalay Güzel, Serkan Hazar, Deniz Erbas J Sports Sci Med. 2007 Dec; 6(4): 417–422. Published online 2007 Dec 1. PMCID: PMC3794479 20: Walking Speed and Muscle Mass Estimated by the D3-Creatine Dilution Method Are Important Components of Sarcopenia Associated With Incident Mobility Disability in Older Men: A Classification and Regression Tree Analysis Jesse Zanker, Sheena Patel, Terri Blackwell, Kate Duchowny, Sharon Brennan-Olsen, Steven R. Cummings, William J. Evans, Eric S. Orwoll, David Scott, Sara Vogrin, Jane A. Cauley, Gustavo Duque, Peggy M. Cawthon, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Group J Am Med Dir Assoc. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2021 Apr 20.Published in final edited form as: J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020 Dec; 21(12): 1997–2002.e1. Published online 2020 May 4. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.03.017 PMCID: PMC8057698 21: Increases in Creatine Kinase with Atorvastatin Treatment are Not Associated with Decreases in Muscular Performance Kevin D. Ballard, Beth A. Parker, Jeffrey A. Capizzi, Adam S. Grimaldi, Priscilla M. Clarkson, Stephanie M. Cole, Justin Keadle, Stuart Chipkin, Linda S. Pescatello, Kathleen Simpson, C. Michael White, Paul D. Thompson Atherosclerosis. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 Sep 1.Published in final edited form as: Atherosclerosis. 2013 Sep; 230(1): 121–124. Published online 2013 Jul 13. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.07.001 PMCID: PMC3779874 22: Creatine Kinase Level and Lipid Peroxidation Rate in Human Spermatozoa from Patients with Cancer Rajinder S. Sidhu, Yongjin Wang, Ashok Agarwal J Assist Reprod Genet. 1997 Oct; 14(9): 538–542. doi: 10.1023/A:1021183528047 PMCID: PMC3454844 23: Immunoassay of muscle-specific creatine kinase with a monoclonal antibody and application to myogenesis and muscular dystrophy. G E Morris, L P Head Biochem J. 1983 Aug 1; 213(2): 417–425. doi: 10.1042/bj2130417 PMCID: PMC1152143 24: Impaired muscle uptake of creatine in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy Yasuhiro Hijikata, Masahisa Katsuno, Keisuke Suzuki, Atsushi Hashizume, Amane Araki, Shinichiro Yamada, Tomonori Inagaki, Madoka Iida, Seiya Noda, Hirotaka Nakanishi, Haruhiko Banno, Tomoo Mano, Akihiro Hirakawa, Hiroaki Adachi, Hirohisa Watanabe, Masahiko Yamamoto, Gen Sobue Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2016 Jul; 3(7): 537–546. Published online 2016 Jun 23. doi: 10.1002/acn3.324 PMCID: PMC4931718 25: Creatine supplementation augments the increase in satellite cell and myonuclei number in human skeletal muscle induced by strength training Steen Olsen, Per Aagaard, Fawzi Kadi, Goran Tufekovic, Julien Verney, Jens L Olesen, Charlotte Suetta, Michael Kjær J Physiol. 2006 Jun 1; 573(Pt 2): 525–534. Published online 2006 Mar 31. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.107359Correction in: J Physiol. 2006 Sep 15; 575(Pt 3): 971. PMCID: PMC1779717 26: Can Creatine Supplementation Interfere with Muscle Strength and Fatigue in Brazilian National Level Paralympic Powerlifting? Carlos Rodrigo Soares Freitas Sampaio, Felipe J. Aidar, Alexandre R. P. Ferreira, Jymmys Lopes dos Santos, Anderson Carlos Marçal, Dihogo Gama de Matos, Raphael Fabrício de Souza, Osvaldo Costa Moreira, Ialuska Guerra, José Fernandes Filho, Lucas Soares Marcucci-Barbosa, Albená Nunes-Silva, Paulo Francisco de Almeida-Neto, Breno Guilherme Araújo Tinoco Cabral, Victor Machado Reis Nutrients. 2020 Sep; 12(9): 2492. Published online 2020 Aug 19. doi: 10.3390/nu12092492 PMCID: PMC7551857 27: Efficacy of Creatine Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Muscle Mass in Older Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Ellem Eduarda Pinheiro dos Santos, Rodrigo Cappato de Araújo, Darren G. Candow, Scott C. Forbes, Jaddy Antunes Guijo, Carla Caroliny de Almeida Santana, Wagner Luiz do Prado, João Paulo Botero Nutrients. 2021 Nov; 13(11): 3757. Published online 2021 Oct 24. doi: 10.3390/nu13113757 PMCID: PMC8619193 28: Creatine supplementation plus neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves lower-limb muscle strength and quality of life in hemodialysis men Ana Clara Barreto Marini, Gustavo Duarte Pimentel Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2020; 18: eCE5623. Published online 2020 Nov 18. doi: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020CE5623 PMCID: PMC7687919 29: Efficacy of a novel formulation of L-Carnitine, creatine, and leucine on lean body mass and functional muscle strength in healthy older adults: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study Malkanthi Evans, Najla Guthrie, John Pezzullo, Toran Sanli, Roger A. Fielding, Aouatef Bellamine Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14: 7. Published online 2017 Jan 18. doi: 10.1186/s12986-016-0158-y PMCID: PMC5244582 30: Creatine Loading Does Not Preserve Muscle Mass or Strength During Leg Immobilization in Healthy, Young Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial Evelien M. P. Backx, Roland Hangelbroek, Tim Snijders, Marie-Louise Verscheijden, Lex B. Verdijk, Lisette C. P. G. M. de Groot, Luc J. C. van Loon Sports Med. 2017; 47(8): 1661–1671. Published online 2017 Jan 5. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0670-2 PMCID: PMC5507980 31: Interactions of Aging, Overload, and Creatine Supplementation in Rat Plantaris Muscle Mark D. Schuenke, Naomi E. Brooks, Robert S. Hikida J Aging Res. 2011; 2011: 393416. Published online 2011 Aug 11. doi: 10.4061/2011/393416 PMCID: PMC3161242 32: THE SYNTHESIS, STORAGE, AND EXCRETION OF CREATINE, CREATININE, AND GLYCOCYAMINE IN PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY AND THE EFFECTS OF CERTAIN HORMONES ON THESE PROCESSES Charles L. Hoagland, Helena Gilder, Robert E. Shank J Exp Med. 1945 May 1; 81(5): 423–438. doi: 10.1084/jem.81.5.423 PMCID: PMC2135508 33: Creatine supplementation enhances muscle force recovery after eccentrically-induced muscle damage in healthy individuals Matthew B Cooke, Emma Rybalka, Andrew D Williams, Paul J Cribb, Alan Hayes J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2009; 6: 13. Published online 2009 Jun 2. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-6-13 PMCID: PMC2697134 34: The relationship between initial creatine phosphate breakdown and recovery oxygen consumption for a single isometric tetanus of the frog sartorius muscle at 20 degrees C J Gen Physiol. 1979 Feb 1; 73(2): 159–174. doi: 10.1085/jgp.73.2.159 PMCID: PMC2215239 35: Stress and recovery perception, creatine kinase levels, and performance parameters of male volleyball athletes in a preseason for a championship Guilherme Pereira Berriel, Rochelle Rocha Costa, Edson Soares da Silva, Pedro Schons, Guilherme Droescher de Vargas, Leonardo Alexandre Peyré-Tartaruga, Luiz Fernando Martins Kruel Sports Med Open. 2020 Dec; 6: 26. Published online 2020 Jun 26. doi: 10.1186/s40798-020-00255-w PMCID: PMC7316942 36: Creatine ingestion augments dietary carbohydrate mediated muscle glycogen supercompensation during the initial 24 h of recovery following prolonged exhaustive exercise in humans Paul A. Roberts, John Fox, Nicholas Peirce, Simon W. Jones, Anna Casey, Paul L. Greenhaff Amino Acids. 2016; 48: 1831–1842. Published online 2016 May 19. doi: 10.1007/s00726-016-2252-x PMCID: PMC4974290 37: Creatine for Exercise and Sports Performance, with Recovery Considerations for Healthy Populations Benjamin Wax, Chad M. Kerksick, Andrew R. Jagim, Jerry J. Mayo, Brian C. Lyons, Richard B. Kreider Nutrients. 2021 Jun; 13(6): 1915. Published online 2021 Jun 2. doi: 10.3390/nu13061915 PMCID: PMC8228369 38: The effects of pre versus post workout supplementation of creatine monohydrate on body composition and strength Victoria Ciccone, Kristina Cabrera, Jose Antonio J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2013; 10(Suppl 1): P1. Published online 2013 Dec 6. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-S1-P1 PMCID: PMC4042900 39: The Importance of Muscle Versus Fat Mass in Sarcopenic Obesity: A Re-evaluation Using D3-Creatine Muscle Mass Versus DXA Lean Mass Measurements Eric S Orwoll, Katherine E Peters, Marc Hellerstein, Steven R Cummings, William J Evans, Peggy M Cawthon J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020 Jun; 75(7): 1362–1368. Published online 2020 May 21. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa064 PMCID: PMC7302180 40: Creatine monohydrate in ALS: Effects on strength, fatigue, respiratory status and ALSFRS Jeffrey Rosenfeld, Ruth M. King, Carlayne E. Jackson, Richard S. Bedlack, Richard J. Barohn, Arthur Dick, Lawrence H. Phillips, John Chapin, Deborah F. Gelinas, Jau-Shin Lou Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2008 Jan 1; 9(5): 266–272. Published online 2009 Jul 10. doi: 10.1080/17482960802028890 PMCID: PMC2631354 41: The effects of pre versus post workout supplementation of creatine monohydrate on body composition and strength Jose Antonio, Victoria Ciccone J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2013; 10: 36. Published online 2013 Aug 6. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-36 PMCID: PMC3750511 42: Effects of Creatine, Ginseng, and Astragalus Supplementation on Strength, Body Composition, Mood, and Blood Lipids During Strength-Training in Older Adults Michael E. Rogers, Ruth M. Bohlken, Michael W. Beets, Steve B. Hammer, Tim N. Ziegenfuss, Nejc Šarabon J Sports Sci Med. 2006 Mar; 5(1): 60–69. Published online 2006 Mar 1. PMCID: PMC3818675 43: Creatine Enhances the Effects of Cluster-Set Resistance Training on Lower-Limb Body Composition and Strength in Resistance-Trained Men: A Pilot Study Diego A. Bonilla, Richard B. Kreider, Jorge L. Petro, Ramón Romance, Manuel García-Sillero, Javier Benítez-Porres, Salvador Vargas-Molina Nutrients. 2021 Jul; 13(7): 2303. Published online 2021 Jul 4. doi: 10.3390/nu13072303 PMCID: PMC8308441 44: Exercise Performance and Muscle Contractile Properties After Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation in Aerobic-Anaerobic Training Rats Nickolay Boyadjiev, Dobrin Popov, Slavi Delchev J Sports Sci Med. 2007 Dec; 6(4): 423–428. Published online 2007 Dec 1. PMCID: PMC3794480 45: Effect of the Combination of Creatine Monohydrate Plus HMB Supplementation on Sports Performance, Body Composition, Markers of Muscle Damage and Hormone Status: A Systematic Review Julen Fernández-Landa, Julio Calleja-González, Patxi León-Guereño, Alberto Caballero-García, Alfredo Córdova, Juan Mielgo-Ayuso Nutrients. 2019 Oct; 11(10): 2528. Published online 2019 Oct 20. doi: 10.3390/nu11102528 PMCID: PMC6835217 46: Strong Relation Between Muscle Mass Determined by D3-creatine Dilution, Physical Performance, and Incidence of Falls and Mobility Limitations in a Prospective Cohort of Older Men Peggy M Cawthon, Eric S Orwoll, Katherine E Peters, Kristine E Ensrud, Jane A Cauley, Deborah M Kado, Marcia L Stefanick, James M Shikany, Elsa S Strotmeyer, Nancy W Glynn, Paolo Caserotti, Mahalakshmi Shankaran, Marc Hellerstein, Steven R Cummings, William J Evans, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Research Group J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2019 May; 74(6): 844–852. Published online 2018 Jun 12. doi: 10.1093/gerona/gly129 PMCID: PMC6521914 47: Effect of 28 days of creatine ingestion on muscle metabolism and performance of a simulated cycling road race Robert C Hickner, David J Dyck, Josh Sklar, Holly Hatley, Priscilla Byrd J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010; 7: 26. Published online 2010 Jul 7. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-7-26 PMCID: PMC2909923 48: The myocardial profile of the cytosolic isozymes of creatine kinase is apparently not related to cyanosis in congenital heart disease. G. Kessler-Icekson, E. Birk, H. Schlesinger, Y. Barhum, N. Ad, M. Friedman, B. A. Vidne Mol Med. 1999 Feb; 5(2): 110–116. PMCID: PMC2230411 49: Oxylipins Associated with D3-Creatine Muscle Mass/Weight and Physical Performance among Community-Dwelling Older Men Megan M. Marron, Eric S. Orwoll, Peggy M. Cawthon, Nancy E. Lane, Anne B. Newman, Jane A. Cauley Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Nov; 23(21): 12857. Published online 2022 Oct 25. doi: 10.3390/ijms232112857 PMCID: PMC9655465 50: Creatine O'Clock: Does Timing of Ingestion Really Influence Muscle Mass and Performance? Darren G. Candow, Scott C. Forbes, Michael D. Roberts, Brian D. Roy, Jose Antonio, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Eric S. Rawson, Bruno Gualano, Hamilton Roschel Front Sports Act Living. 2022; 4: 893714. Published online 2022 May 20. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.893714 PMCID: PMC9163789 51: Potential impacts of high-sensitivity creatine kinase-MB on long-term clinical outcomes in patients with stable coronary heart disease Yen-Wen Wu, Sing Kong Ho, Wei-Kung Tseng, Hung-I Yeh, Hsin-Bang Leu, Wei-Hsian Yin, Tsung-Hsien Lin, Kuan-Cheng Chang, Ji-Hung Wang, Chau-Chung Wu, Jaw-Wen Chen Sci Rep. 2020; 10: 5638. Published online 2020 Mar 27. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61894-3 PMCID: PMC7101408 52: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of a Food Supplement Containing Creatine and D-Ribose Combined with a Physical Exercise Program in Increasing Stress Tolerance in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Giuseppe Derosa, Silvia Pasqualotto, Gabriele Catena, Angela D’Angelo, Antonio Maggi, Pamela Maffioli Nutrients. 2019 Dec; 11(12): 3075. 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Published online 2021 May 13. doi: 10.3390/nu13051633 PMCID: PMC8152274 56: Effects of a High Protein and Omega-3-Enriched Diet with or Without Creatine Supplementation on Markers of Soreness and Inflammation During 5 Consecutive Days of High Volume Resistance Exercise in Females Sara Hayward, Colin D. Wilborn, Lem W. Taylor, Stacie L. Urbina, Jordan J. Outlaw, Cliffa A. Foster, Michael D. Roberts J Sports Sci Med. 2016 Dec; 15(4): 704–714. Published online 2016 Dec 1. PMCID: PMC5131225 57: Effects of short-term ingestion of Russian Tarragon prior to creatine monohydrate supplementation on whole body and muscle creatine retention: a preliminary investigation Jonathan M Oliver, AR Jagim, A Sanchez, K Kelley, Elfego Galvan, James Fluckey, S Riechman, Mike Greenwood, Ralf Jäger, M Purpura, I Pischel, Richard B Kreider J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012; 9(Suppl 1): P24. 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