AZSP Human Body Science

  Vasopressin, also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) or argipressin, is a hormone synthesized from the AVP gene as a peptide prohormone in neurons in the hypothalamus, and is converted to AVP. It then travels down the axon of those cells, which terminates in the posterior pituitary, and is released from vesicles into the circulation in response to extracellular fluid hypertonicity (hyperosmolality). AVP has two primary functions. First, it increases the amount of solute-free water reabsorbed back into the circulation from the filtrate in the kidney tubules of the nephrons. Second, AVP constricts arterioles, which increases peripheral vascular resistance and raises arterial blood pressure. A third function is possible. Some AVP may be released directly into the brain from the hypothalamus, and may play an important role in social behavior, sexual motivation and pair bonding, and maternal responses to stress. Vasopressin induces differentiation of

  Related Articles Effect of increase in cortisol level due to stress in healthy young individuals on dynamic and static balance scores Mahmut Cay, Cihat Ucar, Deniz Senol, Furkan Cevirgen, Davut Ozbag, Zuhal Altay, Sedat Yildiz North Clin Istanb. 2018; 5(4): 295–301. Published online 2018 May 29. doi: 10.14744/nci.2017.42103 PMCID: PMC6371989 Technical and clinical aspects of cortisol as a biochemical marker of chronic stress Do Yup Lee, Eosu Kim, Man Ho Choi BMB Rep. 2015 Apr; 48(4): 209–216. doi: 10.5483/BMBRep.2015.48.4.275 PMCID: PMC4436856 The Benefits of Mindfulness Meditation on Trait Mindfulness, Perceived Stress, Cortisol, and C-Reactive Protein in Nursing Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial Hossam N Alhawatmeh, Mohammad Rababa, Mahmoud Alfaqih, Raya Albataineh, Issa Hweidi, Awwad Abu Awwad Adv Med Educ Pract. 2022; 13: 47–58. Published online 2022 Jan 13. doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S348062 PMCID: PMC8763207 Differential Effects of Focu

  Prolactin , also known as lactotropin , is a protein best known for its role in enabling mammals (and birds), usually females, to produce milk. It is influential in over 300 separate processes in various vertebrates, including humans. Prolactin is secreted from the pituitary gland in response to eating, mating, estrogen treatment, ovulation and nursing. It is secreted heavily in pulses in between these events. Prolactin plays an essential role in metabolism, regulation of the immune system and pancreatic development. Discovered in non-human animals around 1930 by Oscar Riddle and confirmed in humans in 1970 by Henry Friesen, prolactin is a peptide hormone, encoded by the PRL gene. In mammals, prolactin is associated with milk production; in fish it is thought to be related to the control of water and salt balance. Prolactin also acts in a cytokine-like manner and as an important regulator of the immune system. It has important cell cycle-related functions as a growth-, dif

reference 1: Oxytocin in the tumor microenvironment is associated with lower inflammation and longer survival in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer patients Michaela G. Cuneo, Angela Szeto, Andrew Schrepf, Ellen M. Kinner, Benjamin I. Schachner, Raisa Ahmed, Premal H. Thaker, Michael Goodheart, David Bender, Steve W. Cole, Philip M. McCabe, Anil K. Sood, Susan K. Lutgendorf, Armando J. Mendez Psychoneuroendocrinology. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2020 Aug 1.Published in final edited form as: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019 Aug; 106: 244–251. Published online 2019 Apr 6. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.007 PMCID: PMC6716948 2: Two Birds with One Stone: Possible Dual-Role of Oxytocin in the Treatment of Diabetes and Osteoporosis Seham Elabd, Ismail Sabry Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6: 121. Published online 2015 Aug 10. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00121 PMCID: PMC4530313 3: Oxytocin is an age-specific circulating hormone that is necessary for muscle maintenanc