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Inulin

  Inulins are a group of naturally occurring polysaccharides produced by many types of plants, industrially most often extracted from chicory. The inulins belong to a class of dietary fibers known as fructans. Inulin is used by some plants as a means of storing energy and is typically found in roots or rhizomes. Most plants that synthesize and store inulin do not store other forms of carbohydrate such as starch. In the United States in 2018, the Food and Drug Administration approved inulin as a dietary fiber ingredient used to improve the nutritional value of manufactured food products. Using inulin to measure kidney function is the "gold standard" for comparison with other means of estimating glomerular filtration rate. Related Articles Yogurt Enriched with Inulin Ameliorated Reproductive Functions and Regulated Gut Microbiota in Dehydroepiandrosterone-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mice Tiange Li, Yue Zhang, Jiajia Song, Lijun Chen, Min Du, Xueying...
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Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

  Related Articles Lactobacillus plantarum Reduces Low-Grade Inflammation and Glucose Levels in a Mouse Model of Chronic Stress and Diabetes Hyun Seong Youn, Jong-Hwa Kim, Ji Soo Lee, Yeo Yeong Yoon, Seong Jun Choi, Joo Young Lee, Wonyong Kim, Kwang Woo Hwang Infect Immun. 2021 Aug; 89(8): e00615-20. Prepublished online 2021 May 17. Published online 2021 Jul 15. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00615-20 PMCID: PMC8284940 Dendritic Cells Targeting Lactobacillus plantarum Strain NC8 with a Surface-Displayed Single-Chain Variable Fragment of CD11c Induce an Antigen-Specific Protective Cellular Immune Response Jing Liu, Guilian Yang, Haibin Huang, Chunwei Shi, Xing Gao, Wentao Yang, Zan Zhang, Yang Liu, Ke Xu, Jianzhong Wang, Yuanhuan Kang, Yanlong Jiang, Chunfeng Wang Infect Immun. 2020 Feb; 88(2): e00759-19. Prepublished online 2019 Nov 18. Published online 2020 Jan 22. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00759-19 PMCID: PMC6977127 Immunomodulatory Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum on ...
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Lactococcus lactis

  Lactococcus lactis is a Gram-positive bacterium used extensively in the production of buttermilk and cheese, but has also become famous as the first genetically modified organism to be used alive for the treatment of human disease. L. lactis cells are cocci that group in pairs and short chains, and, depending on growth conditions, appear ovoid with a typical length of 0.5 - 1.5 µm. L. lactis does not produce spores (nonsporulating) and are not motile (nonmotile). They have a homofermentative metabolism, meaning they produce lactic acid from sugars. They've also been reported to produce exclusive L-(+)-lactic acid. However, reported D-(−)-lactic acid can be produced when cultured at low pH. The capability to produce lactic acid is one of the reasons why L. lactis is one of the most important microorganisms in the dairy industry. Based on its history in food fermentation, L. lactis has generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status, with few case reports of it being an opportuni...
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Cortisol

  Related Articles Effect of increase in cortisol level due to stress in healthy young individuals on dynamic and static balance scores Mahmut Cay, Cihat Ucar, Deniz Senol, Furkan Cevirgen, Davut Ozbag, Zuhal Altay, Sedat Yildiz North Clin Istanb. 2018; 5(4): 295–301. Published online 2018 May 29. doi: 10.14744/nci.2017.42103 PMCID: PMC6371989 Technical and clinical aspects of cortisol as a biochemical marker of chronic stress Do Yup Lee, Eosu Kim, Man Ho Choi BMB Rep. 2015 Apr; 48(4): 209–216. doi: 10.5483/BMBRep.2015.48.4.275 PMCID: PMC4436856 The Benefits of Mindfulness Meditation on Trait Mindfulness, Perceived Stress, Cortisol, and C-Reactive Protein in Nursing Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial Hossam N Alhawatmeh, Mohammad Rababa, Mahmoud Alfaqih, Raya Albataineh, Issa Hweidi, Awwad Abu Awwad Adv Med Educ Pract. 2022; 13: 47–58. Published online 2022 Jan 13. doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S348062 PMCID: PMC8763207 Differential Effects of ...
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infrahyoid muscles

The infrahyoid muscles , or strap muscles , are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior (frontal) part of the neck. The four infrahyoid muscles are the sternohyoid , sternothyroid , thyrohyoid and omohyoid muscles. Excluding the sternothyroid, the infrahyoid muscles either originate from or insert on to the hyoid bone. The term infrahyoid refers to the region below the hyoid bone, while the term strap muscles refers to the long and flat muscle shapes which resembles a strap. The stylopharyngeus muscle is considered by many to be one of the strap muscles, but is not an infrahyoid muscle.
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